Table of Contents
Understanding Your Copilot Environment
Copilot Chat (Free)
Copilot Chat is the free, web-based interface available to all Microsoft 365 subscribers. It provides access to GPT-4 class intelligence for general tasks.
What it can do:- Answer general knowledge questions
- Draft content (emails, documents, presentations)
- Summarize and analyze documents you paste
- Code generation and debugging assistance
- Creative brainstorming and ideation
- No access to your work files or data (Graph, SharePoint, emails)
- No integration with Microsoft 365 apps
- Prompt limit of ~4,000 characters
- No persistent context across sessions
Licensed M365 Copilot
Available through the Microsoft 365 Copilot Pro license, this gives you the power of enterprise integration across your work data.
Full capabilities:- Access to Microsoft Graph (emails, calendar, Teams messages, files)
- SharePoint document analysis
- Integration with Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams
- Custom instructions for personalized workflows
- Higher token limits and usage allowances
- Enterprise-grade security and compliance
Free vs. Licensed Comparison
| Feature | Copilot Chat (Free) | Licensed M365 Copilot |
|---|---|---|
| Data Integration | Manual upload only | Graph + SharePoint access |
| App Integration | Web only | Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Teams |
| Custom Instructions | No | Yes |
| Notebooks | No | Yes (18,000 chars) |
| Agents | No | Yes (Excel, Research, Analyst) |
| Cost | Free | $20/user/month |
Custom Instructions
Custom Instructions are persistent system prompts that tell Copilot how to behave across all your interactions. They let you define your role, preferences, constraints, and output formats once, and Copilot remembers them.
What They Affect
- Tone: Professional, conversational, formal, technical, creative
- Format: How outputs are structured (bullet points, tables, prose, code blocks)
- Focus: What aspects matter most (brevity, detail, examples, edge cases)
- Audience: Adjust complexity and terminology for your stakeholders
- Domain context: Your industry, company, role, and approval workflows
Character Limit
Custom Instructions have a limit of approximately 8,000 characters. Be concise but complete. Prioritize:
- Role definition (who you are, what you do)
- Key constraints (what you won't do, compliance requirements)
- Output preferences (format, tone, length)
- Domain-specific context (industry terminology, company values)
Best Practices
- Start with a clear role statement: "You are a [role] supporting [function]..."
- List constraints explicitly: "Always flag risks," "Never share confidential data"
- Specify formats: "Use bullet points for summaries, tables for comparisons"
- Include examples if your needs are unusual
- Review and refine after your first few uses
- Test instructions with a sample prompt before rolling out
Tip: Find Custom Instructions prompts in the Prompt Library by filtering to Surface = "Custom Instructions".
Copilot Notebooks
Copilot Notebooks are a project-centric workspace integrated into OneNote. They let you build persistent conversations tied to multiple files, with higher character limits and richer context retention.
What They Are
A Notebook is a conversation space where you can:
- Reference multiple documents and files simultaneously
- Build a conversation history that persists across sessions
- Use longer, more complex prompts (up to 18,000 characters)
- Organize by project or initiative
- Share the notebook with colleagues for collaborative analysis
Chat vs. Notebooks
Use Chat when: You need quick answers, one-off analysis, or don't need persistent context. Best for ad-hoc support.
Use Notebooks when: Building a multi-turn analysis, managing a complex project, or need to reference many source documents over time.
Best Practices
- Create one Notebook per project or major initiative
- Name Notebooks descriptively: "Q1 Budget Review," "Market Research - Competitor X"
- Reference files by name or pasting content at the top of the Notebook
- Use numbered sections to organize analysis steps
- Periodically review prior exchanges to build on findings
- Share notebooks with stakeholders to distribute insights
Copilot Agents
Agents are specialized Copilot instances designed for specific types of analysis. They have built-in knowledge of their domain and apply specialized reasoning to data.
Excel Agent
Analyzes tabular data in Excel workbooks. It understands tables, formulas, and relationships.
What it does:- Query and summarize table data
- Create pivot tables and aggregations
- Suggest formulas and calculations
- Spot trends and anomalies
- Answer questions like "What's our top customer by revenue?"
- Data must be in properly formatted Excel tables (Home > Format as Table)
- Works on the current workbook only (can't access external sheets)
- Reads only structured tables; unformatted ranges won't work
- Can suggest analysis but can't auto-create complex dashboards
Research Agent
Researches topics across both public web content and your organization's content (via Graph).
What it researches:- Market trends and competitor intelligence
- Industry data and benchmarks
- Internal company content (policies, past reports, shared documents)
- Cited report with sources linked
- Synthesis of multiple sources
Analyst Agent
Performs computational analysis using Python. It executes code to analyze data, create models, and generate insights.
What it does:- Runs statistical analysis and hypothesis testing
- Builds predictive models (regression, classification)
- Creates visualizations (charts, graphs)
- Performs chain-of-thought reasoning on complex problems
- Analyst can compute; Excel Agent queries tables
- Analyst can build models; Excel Agent summarizes data
- Analyst uses Python; Excel Agent uses Excel functions
Microsoft's GCSE Prompting Framework
GCSE is a structured approach to writing effective prompts. Each letter stands for a key component:
Goal: What do you want?
Be explicit about the end state. Good goals are measurable and actionable.
- Bad: "Analyze this document"
- Good: "Identify the top 3 risks in this Q1 plan and rate each as High/Medium/Low"
Context: Why does this matter?
Give Copilot enough background to understand your situation and constraints.
- Example: "We're a SaaS startup with 20 people, selling to enterprise customers..."
- Helps Copilot calibrate relevance, tone, and depth
Source: What should I consider?
Point Copilot to the data, documents, or frameworks it should reference.
- "Use the attached market research report and our 2025 strategy document..."
- "Consider these factors: [list]"
Expectations: How should I respond?
Define the output format and quality bar.
- "Format as a table with columns: Risk | Severity | Mitigation"
- "Keep to 500 words"
- "Include examples and citations"
Example: Minimal vs. Complete
Minimal (works but vague):
"Analyze our Q1 results."
Complete (GCSE framework):
"Review our Q1 financial results (attached). We're a B2B SaaS company tracking revenue growth, customer churn, and unit economics. Identify the top 3 insights and 2 risks for board discussion. Format as: Insight/Risk | Current State | Implication | Recommended Action. Keep each to 1-2 sentences. Cite specific metrics."
Tips for Each Component
- Goal: Use verbs like Analyze, Summarize, Compare, Recommend, Identify
- Context: Include role, company, market, or constraints
- Source: Name files, list key data points, or paste content
- Expectations: Be specific about format, length, tone, and quality standards
Known Limitations
Prompt Length Limits by Surface
| Surface | Character Limit | When to Escalate |
|---|---|---|
| Copilot Chat | ~4,000 chars | Use Custom Instructions or Notebooks |
| Custom Instructions | ~8,000 chars | Split into separate instructions or use Notebooks |
| Notebooks | ~18,000 chars | Summarize prior exchanges; start new Notebook |
Document Processing Limits
- File size: Copilot works best with documents under 100 MB
- PDF complexity: Scanned images and complex layouts may not parse perfectly
- Language: Best performance in English; other languages vary
- Tables: Unstructured tables may lose formatting; use clean data
What Copilot Can't Do
- Access your account or make changes on your behalf (no automation)
- Browse real-time web (unless using Research Agent)
- Execute code or formulas in your systems
- Provide legal, medical, or financial advice (it's informational only)
- Summarize or recall older chats (no memory between sessions unless using Notebooks)
Common Pitfalls
- Vague prompts: "Help me" → Use GCSE framework to be specific
- Too much context: Copilot may lose focus. Be concise but complete.
- Trusting hallucinations: Always fact-check numbers and citations
- Treating it as a replacement: Copilot augments humans; use for drafts, ideation, and analysis, not decisions alone
- Assuming it understands tone: Provide tone examples if critical
Live Preview
Copilot Studio Overview
Copilot Studio is a low-code/no-code platform for building custom AI agents. It lets you extend Copilot with domain-specific knowledge, actions, and workflows without coding.
Key Concepts
Topics
Topics are conversation flows that define how your agent responds to user intents. Each topic has trigger phrases and response logic.
Actions
Actions connect your agent to external systems. Common actions include:
- Call Power Automate flows
- Query databases or APIs
- Send emails or Teams messages
- Update SharePoint or CRM records
Knowledge Sources
Agents learn from knowledge sources to provide accurate, contextual answers:
- Uploaded documents (PDFs, Word, Excel)
- SharePoint sites or libraries
- Web URLs
- Dataverse tables
Agent Instruction Pattern
When building an agent, follow this template for system instructions:
Common Agent Configurations
Browse the Prompt Library for Copilot Studio examples (filter to Category = "Copilot Studio"). Common patterns include:
- HR Assistant: Answer benefits, policy, and employee relations questions
- Procurement Copilot: Guide vendor selection, contract review, and spend analysis
- IT Service Desk: Troubleshoot, log tickets, schedule maintenance
- Sales Coach: Provide playbooks, success criteria, and deal guidance
Testing & Iteration Tips
- Test with real user questions to validate topic coverage
- Review agent logs for misclassified intents and improve topic triggers
- A/B test response formats to find what your users prefer
- Regularly update knowledge sources to keep answers current
- Collect feedback and iterate monthly
Link to Studio Prompts in Library
Find pre-built agent instructions and configurations in the Prompt Library by selecting the "Prompt Library" tab and filtering Surface = "Copilot Studio".
Design & Create with Copilot
Microsoft 365 Copilot includes powerful creative capabilities that let you generate visual content, design documents, and create multimedia — all without building custom agents. These features are available through the Create hub (create.microsoft.com), the M365 Copilot app, and integrated into Word, PowerPoint, Outlook, and Designer.
What You Can Create
- AI-Generated Images: Generate original professional images from text descriptions using DALL-E 3. Copilot produces 4 variations per prompt. Choose from styles like Photorealistic, Surrealism, and Anime. Upload reference images for style inspiration. Edit with crop, background removal, filters, and style adjustments. Select square, portrait, or wide aspect ratios.
- Posters & Banners: Design event posters, digital banners for SharePoint or email, and promotional graphics. Use brand-compliant templates or describe what you need conversationally.
- Infographics: Visualize data, processes, or concepts as professional infographics. Ideal for executive summaries, team updates, and training materials.
- Social Media Content: Create platform-optimized posts and stories (LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram) with matching visuals and copy — all respecting your organization's brand guidelines.
- Short Videos: Create narrated videos from text descriptions, documents, or PowerPoint presentations using Clipchamp integration. Customize narration voice, tone, and background music. Apply brand kit styling automatically. Use the Clipchamp editor for advanced refinements.
- Forms & Surveys: Build Microsoft Forms directly from the Create hub — describe what you need and Copilot generates a structured form with appropriate question types, logic branching, and formatting. Ideal for feedback collection, event registration, and internal surveys.
- Quick Drafts: Generate written content drafts on any topic directly from the Create hub. Useful for rapidly prototyping email copy, talking points, or content outlines before moving to Word or Outlook.
- Newsletters: Design and draft internal newsletters with structured layouts, content sections, and visual elements suitable for email or SharePoint distribution.
- Document Templates: Create reusable, professionally formatted templates for project charters, status reports, business cases, and more.
Where to Access Create Features
- Create Hub: Visit
create.microsoft.comor the Create section in the M365 Copilot app for the full design studio experience. - PowerPoint: Agent Mode enables iterative design — restructure slides, convert text to visuals, generate images, and apply consistent branding.
- Word: Agent Mode for document drafting, restructuring, and iterative refinement from source materials.
- Designer: Dedicated graphic design app with AI-powered template and image generation.
- Outlook: Content suggestions for email composition, tone adjustment, and subject line inspiration.
Copilot Library
The Copilot Library is your centralized hub for finding and organizing visuals you've created. All AI-generated images, designs, and assets are automatically saved here so you can reuse them across projects without recreating from scratch.
Brand Kit Integration
Enterprise Brand Kits ensure all AI-generated content follows your organization's visual identity. Brand kits store logos, color palettes (with hex codes), typography, icons, data visualization styles, photography rules, templates, and brand voice guidelines. Three access tiers exist: Official (organization-wide, managed by designated brand managers), Shared (limited distribution), and Personal (individual use). All Copilot design outputs automatically reference the active Brand Kit. PowerPoint includes a built-in Brand Checker that flags non-compliant elements and suggests fixes.
Important Limitations
- Image editing works on AI-generated images only — you cannot upload and edit personal photos directly.
- Video creation uses stock footage and AI narration — it does not generate new video clips from scratch. Clipchamp must be enabled by your organization's IT admin.
- Free Copilot tier: 15 image boosts/day. Copilot Pro: 100 boosts/day. Enterprise licenses have higher limits.
- All externally-published content (social media, client-facing materials) should go through your organization's standard compliance review process.
Design & Create Prompts
Find dedicated Design & Create prompts in the Prompt Library tab — filter by the Design & Create theme or search for "CRT" to see all creative prompts. These cover image generation, poster design, infographics, newsletters, video creation, forms, brand compliance checking, and more.
Suggest a Prompt
Tell us what you need Copilot to help with. Describe the task or challenge — we'll build the prompt for the library.
What prompt do you wish existed?
Your Suggestions
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